What is the primary difference between half-duplex and full-duplex systems?

The primary difference between half-duplex and full-duplex systems lies in the way they manage communication directions. In a half-duplex system, communication can occur in both directions, but not at the same time. This means that when one device is transmitting, the other must wait until the transmission is complete before it can send its own data. This is characteristic of half-duplex systems, distinguishing them from full-duplex systems, which allow simultaneous two-way communication.

For example, walkie-talkies operate on a half-duplex basis because one person has to finish speaking before the other can respond. This limitation makes half-duplex communication more structured than full-duplex systems that can transmit and receive data simultaneously, like a telephone conversation.

Understanding this aspect of half-duplex systems is crucial for effective communication network design, ensuring that the intended use cases align with the chosen technology.